課文詳注  Further notes on the text

1．Last week I went to the theatre.上星期我去看戲。

（1）句首的“Last week”點(diǎn)明敘述的事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間是上星期。因此整篇課文的時(shí)態(tài)基本上應(yīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)（包括過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），直接引語(yǔ)部分的時(shí)態(tài)除外。

（2）動(dòng)詞go的原義是離開(kāi)一個(gè)地方去另一個(gè)地方，與介詞to連用后，常加上主語(yǔ)所要去的目的地來(lái)代表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作目的。課文中g(shù)o to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play，即去劇場(chǎng)看戲。類似的還有g(shù)o to the cinema = go to the cinema to see a film（去電影院看電影）。這種表達(dá)方式簡(jiǎn)明扼要。請(qǐng)注意在以下的短語(yǔ)中名詞前通常不加冠詞：

go to school上學(xué)

go to bed上床，睡覺(jué)

go to church上教堂，去做禮拜(cf．第1冊(cè)第68課at school, at church；第1冊(cè)第85課have been to school/church)

2．had a very good seat，座位很好。

seat一般指戲院、汽車等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”的概念：

the front seat of a car汽車的前座

Take a seat, please.

請(qǐng)坐。

3．The play was very interesting. 戲很有意思。

interesting屬于現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞，意思是“使人感興趣”。

它通常與非人稱主語(yǔ)連用或修飾某個(gè)事物：

This is an interesting book/idea.

這是一本有趣的書／一個(gè)令人感興趣的主意。

4．…were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly.……坐在我的身后，大聲地說(shuō)著話。

這兩句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。（cf．第7課語(yǔ)法）

5．I got very angry. 我非常生氣。

get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個(gè)表示過(guò)程的動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而I was very angry則僅表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過(guò)程。

6．in the end, 最后，終于。

表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后：

She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.

她試圖自已完成家庭作業(yè)，但最后她不得不請(qǐng)她兄弟幫忙。

7．none of your business, 不關(guān)你的事。

（1） sb. 's business指某人（所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi)）的事：

It is my business to look after your health.

我必須照顧你的身體健康。

This is none of his business.

這根本不關(guān)他的事。

（2）表示否定的代詞none意義上相當(dāng)于not any或no one，但語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)：

She kept none of his letters.

他的信件她一封也沒(méi)有保留。

None of my friends left early.

我的朋友沒(méi)有一個(gè)早離開(kāi)的。

none of這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，

尤其是在祈使句中：

None of your silly remarks!

別說(shuō)傻話了！

8．a(chǎn) private conversation，私人間的談話。

在西方文化中人們對(duì)private（私人的，個(gè)人的）這個(gè)概念很看重。這個(gè)詞的名詞形式privacy有“隱私（權(quán)）”的意思。所以課文中的小伙子會(huì)振振有詞地說(shuō)“This is a private conversation!”不過(guò)他忘了他是在一個(gè)public place（公眾場(chǎng)合），而且他們的說(shuō)話聲太大，已經(jīng)影響了別人。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序(Word order in simple statements)

主語(yǔ)一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)“一致”，所以主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（如I am, you are, he has）。賓語(yǔ)一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。在主動(dòng)句中，賓語(yǔ)一般位于動(dòng)詞之后。一個(gè)句子不總需要有賓語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子里有一種以上的副詞時(shí)，地點(diǎn)副詞的一般位置是在方式副詞之后、時(shí)間副詞之前，如上面的最后一個(gè)例句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以在句尾，也可以在句首：

Last night Lucy went to the theatre.

昨晚露西去劇院看戲了。

I heard a voice at the door just now.

我剛才聽(tīng)到門口有聲音。

Sam listened to the story quietly.

薩姆靜靜地聽(tīng)著故事。

The man ran away quickly.

那人很快跑掉了。（無(wú)賓語(yǔ)）

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．enjoy vt.

基本意義為“欣賞”、“享受”、“喜愛(ài)”，后面一般跟名詞、代詞（包括反身代詞）或動(dòng)名詞形式。

（1）Jane doesn't enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.

簡(jiǎn)不喜歡游泳。她喜歡去劇院看戲。

（2）Enjoy yourself!

好好玩吧！

We always enjoy ourselves.

我們總是玩得很開(kāi)心。

2．pay

（1）vt., vi.支付（價(jià)款等）：

Have you paid the taxi-driver?

你給出租車司機(jī)錢了嗎？

You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds…

您可以先付30英鎊的定金……

I paid 50 dollars for this skirt.

我花50美元買了這條裙子。

I'll pay by instalments.

我將分期付款。

（2）vt., vi. 給予（注意等）；去（訪問(wèn)）：

They did not pay any attention.

他們毫不理會(huì)。

We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。

（3）n. 工資，報(bào)酬：

I have not received my pay yet.

我還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)到工資。

3．bear vt.

（1）承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)：

Can the ice bear my weight?

這冰能承受我的體重嗎？

Who will bear the cost?

誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？

（2）忍受（一般與can/could連用于疑問(wèn)句及否定句中）：

She eats too fast. I can't bear to watch/watching her.

她吃得太快。我看著受不了。

How can you bear living in this place?

你怎么能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？

In the end, 1 could not bear it.

最后，我忍不住了。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

A I (1) got (2) very angry (3) .

I (1) could not hear (2) the actors (3) .

I (1) turned round (2) .

I (1) looked at (2) the man and the woman (3) angrily (4) .

They (1) did not pay (2) any attention (3) .

In the end (6), I (1) could not bear (2) it (3).

I (1) turned round (2) again (6) .

‘I (1) can't hear (2) a word (3)! ’

I (1) said (2) angrily (4) .

‘It (1) is (2) none of your business (3) , ’

the young man (1) said (2) rudely (4) .

‘This (1) is (2) a private conversation (3)!’

B 1 I enjoyed the film yesterday.

2 I listened to the news carefully.

3 The man played the piano well.

4 The children played games quietly in their room yesterday.

5 He opened the door quietly.

6 He left immediately.

7 He planted a tree in the corner of the garden.

8 He read the letter quickly in his office before lunch.

9 I borrowed a book from the library this morning.

10 The cook spoilt the soup.

11 We stay at home on Sundays.

12 There are a lot of people at the bus stop.

13 The little boy ate greedily an apple in the kitchen this morning.

14 She draws beautifully.

15 I like music very much.

16 They built a new school in our village last year.

17 The match ended at four o'clock.

18 She received a letter from her brother last week.

2．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 b  2 c  3 b  4 d  5 c  6 a

7 d  8 b  9 a  10 c  11 c  12 c